Characterization of Aedes spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding sites in endemic areas of DHF in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Yogyakarta City is one of the DHF endemic areas with relatively high incidence rates. The highest cases was found in Brontokusuman and Baciro sub-districts. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of mosquito breeding places at Baciro and Brontokusuman sub-districts, the density and spread of mosquitoes through entomological parameters. One hundred houses were taken as samples from each sub-district. In each house, a larval survey and characterization of existing water reservoir were carried out according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The data were tabulized and tested using the t-test. House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI) as entomological parameter were recorded. Results showed that the number of water reservoirs with larvae in Baciro sub- district (49 containers) was higher than Brontokusuman sub-district (27 containers). The commonly of water reservoirs with larvae were bathtubs, barrels, jars, buckets, used tires, vases/pots, and ponds/aquarium. The most of the positive containers in Baciro sub-district (31 containers) and Brontokusuman sub-district (22 containers) were indoors. Based on statistical tests, it was found that the water reservoir material (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000) and draining behavior (p = 0.000) were significantly affected the presence of larvae in both sub-districts. The container color (p = 0.021) and the behavior of taking care fish (p = 0.005) were significantly affected the presence of larvae in Baciro sub-district. The entomological parameters (HI, CI, BI) in Brontokusuman sub-district were 22%, 14.75%, and 27%; while in Baciro sub-district were 36%, 13.72%, and 49% respectively. Brontokusuman and Baciro Districts are high potential to have dengue outbreak.