Practical Cross-Section Imaging of External Tendons to Reveal Grout Deficiencies Relative to Strand Pattern

Abstract External post-tensioned tendons in concrete segmental bridges have had strand corrosion failures due to grouting deficiencies such as voids or bleed water. Nondestructive assessment of the grout condition is thus often needed, preferably by a cross-section imaging method. Here, a magnetic sensing approach to image the position of the steel strand bundle is combined with an electric impedance method to evaluate the condition of the grout space. Both are embodied in a device that images the tendon’s cross section. The magnetic sensor travels around the circumference of the tendon and measures the force of attraction to the steel strands from which an image of the strand pattern inside the tendon is created. Simultaneously, a traveling plate rotates around the tendon, and variations of the electric impedance between the plate and strands identify grout deficiencies. The impedance and strand position data create a complete color-coded image of the tendon cross-section flagging grout deficiencies. The approach was validated by experiments with tendon specimens with known deficiencies and under field conditions. The method is rapid, economical, easy to replicate, with a small and safe device not requiring specialized operator training.