A volleyball skills test instrument for advanced-level students

Volleyball is one sports that is played in various world major competitions, such as the Asian Games and the Olympics. A measuring the performance and skills of players in volleyball is necessary. Various studies continue to develop volleyball and improve the performance of its players. Inspection of the performance and improvement of volleyball skills requires a valid and reliable test instrument. In this paper, the development of a volleyball skills test instrument for advanced-level students is presented. This work had a research and development design. The research step consists of need analysis, design, development, trial and validation. Advanced-level students in the coaching department (n=40) were recruited for this study. A series of measurements in volleyball skills, including overhand serve, underarm pass, forearm pass, smash, and blocking, were assessed. The validity and reliability of the instrument for advanced-level students were investigated. The instrument's validity and reliability were measured in two ways, namely, via a scoring system and by technical assessment from judges. The product-moment of the Pearson and Wherry-Doolittle methods was adopted in the data analysis. Based on the experimental results, the validity and reliability of the test in terms of the underarm pass, forearm pass, serve, smash, and blocking were high and very high, respectively. Moreover, based on the score of each skill test and the judges' assessments, the validity and reliability of the volleyball skill tests were very high (0.837 and 0.973, respectively). In short, the experimental results show that the volleyball skills test instrument is suitable for advanced-level students.