Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Pseudomonas syringae strains associated with canker disease on apricot in Iran within the context of the global genetic diversity of the P. syringae complex
Bacterial canker of stone fruit is a destructive disease of Prunus species. Here we characterized five Pseudomonas syringae ( Ps ) strains isolated from bacterial cankers of stone fruits in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Koch’s postulates were performed demonstrating pathogenicity on apricot cuttin...
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Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of plant pathology 2020-10, Vol.158 (2), p.545-560 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Bacterial canker of stone fruit is a destructive disease of
Prunus
species. Here we characterized five
Pseudomonas syringae
(
Ps
) strains isolated from bacterial cankers of stone fruits in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Koch’s postulates were performed demonstrating pathogenicity on apricot cuttings. Ice-nucleation activity and syringomycin synthesis were determined phenotypically and confirmed molecularly in all five strains. Strains were variably resistant to copper. The strains were then compared to a sample of 227 strains of the
Ps
species complex using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the four housekeeping genes
gap
1,
glt
A,
gyr
B, and
rpo
D. The concatenated sequences of the four genes provided a deeply-resolved phylogeny. Iranian strains all belonged to
Ps
phylogroup 2 but clustered into three separate sub-groups. They had the greatest similarity to strains isolated from stone fruit trees in the USA, UK, and Lebanon but also to strains isolated from other plant species and the water cycle. We conclude that canker of stone fruit is caused by a diverse group of
Ps
phylogroup 2 strains with global distribution. Further sampling, host range testing, and genome sequencing will be needed to get further insight into the relative role of the water cycle and other modes of long distance movement in the dissemination of
Ps
strains that cause bacterial canker of stone fruit. |
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ISSN: | 0929-1873 1573-8469 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10658-020-02101-x |