Enhanced co-production of pectinase, cellulase and xylanase enzymes from Bacillus subtilis ABDR01 upon ultrasonic irradiation

[Display omitted] •Co-production of pectinase, cellulase, and xylanase from Bacillus subtilis ABDR01.•Ultrasound facilitated process intensification of microbial enzyme production.•Ultrasonic irradiation enhanced cell biomass concentration and enzyme production.•Ultrasound treatment improved enzyme co-production by 38.15 %, 53.77 %, and 24.59 %. The effect of low-intensity ultrasound irradiation was studied to improve the co-production for pectinase, cellulase, and xylanase enzymes using Bacillus subtilis ABDR01. Different parameters such as ultrasonic irradiation at the different growth phases of the bacterial strain, ultrasound power, irradiation duration, and irradiation duty cycle were assessed. Sonication with 90 W ultrasound power, 25 kHz frequency with 70 % duty cycle for 5 min at 6 h of bacterial growth phase gave the maximum productions of 87.82 U/ mL pectinase 22.17 U/ mL cellulase and 137.95 U/ mL xylanase respectively. The enzyme activity of pectinase, cellulase, and xylanase was enhanced by about 38.15 %, 53.77 %, and 24.59 %, respectively, compared to non-sonicated control cultivation. This optimized low-frequency ultrasound irradiation to bacterial cells enhanced the nutrient uptake rate and increased the cell wall permeability, which results in higher enzyme productivity. Our results signify the effectiveness of low-frequency ultrasound irradiation for improved enzyme yields and hyperactivation during microbial fermentation.