Energy Efficient Mode Selection, Base Station Selection and Resource Allocation Algorithm in D2D Heterogeneous Networks

The mode selection and resource allocation are important issues in Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, which have been investigated in single Base Station (BS) cellular network. However, the joint problem of the base station selection, mode selection and resource allocation is a challenging issue. Because the mode selection, base station and resource allocation are inter-coupled with each other. The joint problem of D2D User Equipments (DUEs) mode selection, base station selection, channel allocation and power allocation remains an open problem. In this paper, the scenario with multiple BSs in D2D heterogeneous networks is considered, and the joint problem of DUEs mode selection, base station selection, channel allocation and power allocation is studied. The objective is to maximize the system energy efficiency. We consider the DUEs multiplex the cellular user uplink resource. Meanwhile, the constraint of the total transmission power of the DUEs, and the constraint of the load balancing of the BSs are considered. The joint problem of mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation is formulated. The formulated problem is a non-convex mixed-integer optimization problem. In order to handle the formulated problem, a joint mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the system energy efficiency and obtain the desired target.