Drought results in recruitment failure of Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus), an imperiled, pelagic broadcast-spawning minnow

As precipitation and temperature patterns change, the resulting alterations in hydrologic conditions may adversely affect some stream fishes. The unique guild of freshwater, pelagic broadcast-spawning minnows found in the western United States appears to be particularly sensitive to low-flow conditions. We examined reproductive and recruitment patterns of one of these species, Rio Grande silvery minnow ( Hybognathus amarus ), over a three-year period, which included one year of extreme drought. We followed gonadal development from March through September each year, from 2017 to 2019, to determine if Rio Grande silvery minnow were reproductively active during extreme drought. The population structure was also monitored to confirm successful recruitment over the same period. We found that in all years Rio Grande silvery minnow were reproductively active in April through early June, including during extreme drought in 2018. However, almost no recruitment occurred in 2018, and by early 2019 the population was dominated by older, wild age-2 fish and hatchery-reared fishes. Our work supports previous research on pelagic broadcast-spawning minnows and confirms that extreme low-flows results in near-complete recruitment failure of Rio Grande silvery minnow. This work will help inform management and conservation of Rio Grande silvery minnow and other pelagic broadcast-spawning minnows during drought or low flows years.