Identification and mitigation of congestion in distribution system utilizing proximity index‐based demand response

Summary With the integration of distributed energy resources and transition towards smart grid, the existing power system has undergone a paradigm change. However, increasing flexibilities in demand and penetration of local generation to minimize the mismatch between generation and supply has changed the operational characteristics of distribution system. Integration of local generation assists bypassing congestion when placed in the proper location, but excessive generation or incorrectly placed generators can lead to congestion in the distribution networks. This paper proposes a demand response‐based technique to mitigate congestion in distribution networks using power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs) and a new network impedance‐based index known as proximity index. Power transfer distribution factor is used in case of meshed distribution system and proximity index is used in case of radial system where PTDF‐based congestion management fails. By utilizing the network topology, the optimal buses are identified; participation of these buses in DR‐based congestion management will be most effective in relieving congestion. The loads of these lines will be partially or fully shifted to reduce/get rid of congestion of the network. The proposed method is validated for both meshed type as well as radial distribution networks.