Children and digital devices: a survey on risk perception and use

Abstract Background Paediatrics associations in different international contexts recommended avoiding the use of screen media in children ages 0-2 years and limiting the use to one hour per day for children ages 2-5 years. In the light of these guidelines, the aim of this study was to investigate risk perception in the general population and use of digital devices (DD) in preschool children. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study on 3115 Italian subjects including parents and non-parents, using an online survey. Parents answered questions about their children’s DD use. We used multiple linear regression analysis to assess the potential predictors of devices’ use in preschool children. Results Overall 74% of sample think that the use of DD by preschool children is a risk for health. They perceive risks, such as having eye irritation (83%), having sleep disorders (65%) more than benefits, e.g. communicating with distant relatives (47%), and learning new words (40%). Parents of preschool children represent the 74% of all parents (N = 1869). The 56% of parents with only 0-2 years children think that is not correct the use of DDs in toddlers, however the 25% of them allow their children to use them. The mean time use reported is 63±57 minutes. Among parents who have also children from 2 to 5 years, the 89% think it is correct the use of DD up to a maximum of one hour a day for children aged 2-5 years. However, the 58% of them allow their children to use it more than one hour. The mean time use reported is 61±52 minutes. Parents without a job, having low education level, with more than one child and having children ages 3 and older, are more prone to allow the use of DD to their children. Conclusions There is a discrepancy between risk perception and real attitude on DD use in children by parents. Public health actions must aim to increase awareness about a conscious use of DD in children considering the spread of DD in the society and younger people. Key messages The discrepancy between risk perception and actual behaviour means an underestimation of health impact of digital devices use in children. Health professionals are very concerned about the health risk of digital devices use in children. Considering the large use of digital devices, public health actors must pay attention to this matter.