A Statistical Overview of Fault Location Methods and Problems in Calculating and Locating Faults in 110 kV (and Higher) Power Transmission Lines

To locate faults in 110 kV (and higher) power transmission lines, distant methods based on one-sided and two-sided measurements of emergency parameters are used. Statistical data are an actual indicator of the accuracy of these methods, using which the probability characteristics can be plotted. The accuracy of the one-sided method depends on the fault resistance. Using software to determine the fault location based on one-sided measurements does not improve substantially the accuracy compared with indicating devices, emergency event recorders, and microprocessor relay protection. However, software based on two-sided measurements is more effective. To reduce procedure errors, it is necessary to use a single inspection zone independent of the line length.