Magnetic bubbles in an M-type hexagonal ferrite observed by hollow-cone Foucault imaging and small-angle electron diffraction

We report hollow-cone imaging and small-angle electron diffraction of nanoscale magnetic textures such as magnetic-striped domains and magnetic bubbles of M-type hexagonal ferrite BaFe\(_{10.35}\)Sc\(_{1.6}\)Mg\(_{0.05}\)O\(_{19}\). The advantage of the hollow-cone Foucault method is that magnetic domains with various directions of magnetization can be visualized under an infocus condition. Moreover, the contrast of magnetic domain walls in magnetic bubbles depends on the inclination angle of the illumination beam. The combination of small-angle electron diffraction and hollow-cone Foucault imaging proves that magnetization at domain walls exhibits in-plane directions in the magnetic-striped domains and magnetic bubbles.