Hormonal and Cytokine Blood Profile of Dairy Cows in the Early Gestation Period

—The results of the studies on the evaluation of changes in the hormonal and cytokine status of black-and-white Holstein cows ( n = 25) during the period of embryogenesis at the physiological formation of pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, and embryonic demise are presented. The levels of progesterone, cortisol, interleukin IL-2, tumor necrosis factor TNF α , interferon-γ, and interferon- tau were determined in the dynamics of gestation in blood serum. It was found that, in case of embryogenetic disorder, the blood concentration of progesterone was lower than in animals with physiological course of pregnancy by 14.0–30.1%, cortisol by 17.8–35.2%, and interferon- tau by 22.0–37.7%, while IL-2 indexes were excessed by 46.5–31.0%, TNF α by 11.7–36.2%, and interferon-γ by 44.0–78.0%. The disturbance of the hormonal-cytokine balance in the organism of inseminated and fertilized animals is a universal pathogenesis of early embryopathies and is a key point at the clinical manifestation of these pathologies.