Multiscale topology optimization for non-uniform microstructures with hybrid cellular automata

Based on hybrid cellular automata (HCA), we present a two-scale optimization model for heterogeneous structures with non-uniform porous cells at the microscopic scale. The method uses the K -means clustering algorithm to achieve locally nonperiodicity through easily obtained elemental strain energy. This energy is used again for a two-scale topological optimization procedure without sensitivity analysis, avoiding drastically the computational complexity. Both the experimental tests and numerical results illustrate a significant increase in the resulting structural stiffness with locally nonperiodicity, as compared to using uniform periodic cells. The effects of parameters such as clustering number and adopted method versus classical Optimality Criteria (OC) are discussed. Finally, the proposed methodology is extended to 3D two-scale heterogeneous structure design.