Radiation beam scanning for leaky wave antenna by using slots

Usually, wireless communication systems function in predefined frequency band although the LWAs scan the beam via sweeping the operating frequency. [...]a huge number of applications utilized fixed frequency while beam scanning. [...]there is a lack of study to provide fixed frequency-beam steering based on an HW-MLWA. Several LWAs have been built for the purpose of fixed-frequency scanning, which includes a multiterminal MLWA [15], Fabry-Perot LWA, composite left/right-handed (CRLH) LWA [16], and half-width MLWAs [17]. Since there is a strong attachment of electric field between the ground plane and microstrip, the fundamental mode of a microstrip line never radiates. [...]to the effective capacitance without patches, the longer patches bring out a reduced effective capacitance between the radiating edge and ground. [...]slots cause the direction of the main beam to be moved towards the endfire.