Performance Analysis of Display Field Communication with Advanced Receivers

Display field communication (DFC) is an imperceptible display-to-camera (D2C) communication approach that provides dual-mode, full-frame, visible light communication capabilities. Unlike conventional screen-to-camera communication approaches, DFC embeds data imperceptibly in the spectral domain of individual video frames. This paper analyzes the practical performance of the DFC scheme with advanced receivers, including zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), and maximum likelihood (ML). A 249×262 color image is used for embedding data consisting of eight individual information vectors with their elements 2-QAM and 4-QAM modulated. The color image is separated into three individual channels, i.e., red (R), green (G), and blue (B). A lossy display-camera channel is considered in the presence of Gaussian noise, blooming, and various geometric distortions. Simulation results show that the ML receiver outperforms MMSE and ZF receivers. In addition, independent RGB data channels are evaluated to compare the symbol error rate of each channel. The proposed color DFC algorithm can be a viable candidate for practical scenarios in applications like smart content transmission and for supporting robust communication performance with advanced receivers, while the data embedded in the images remain unobtrusive to the human eye.