Main problems of the sustainable development of the South Caucasus and processes of transformation of landscapes (ecosystems) biodiversity

Aim: This study is dedicated to the problems and indicators of sustainable development of the South Caucasus, assessing the contemporary and promising state of the landscape (ecosystems) of the same region. Methodology: The indicators of sustainable development are the indices used to evaluate and show the levels and trends of national, regional and global development. The analysis of such indicators is used to forecast the peculiarities of political, economic, social and ecological development of the geographical environment. The main goals of the environmental impact assessment are: 1. Protection of human health, natural environment, as well as cultural and material values, and 2. Consideration of the ecological, social and economic interests of the state and public. Results: Determinant of environment condition, the structure and functioning of the landscape are stipulated by as natural, so anthropogenic factors. The basic criterion of the determination of current condition of natural environment, stipulated structural, functional, ethologic or physiognomic features, can be considered by following groups:1. Practically invariable, 2. Insignificantly modified, 3. Middling changed, 4. Strongly modified and 5. Practically transformed landscapes. Thus, the majority of some landscapes of South Caucasus belongs to categories the very strong changed landscapes. On the second place so-so and completely to the middling changed and practically transformed types of landscapes. Interpretation: The results of the study showed that the following landscapes face problems of sustainable development and biodiversity conservation in the South Caucasus: High - Hydromorphic and sub hydromorphic, Middle Mountainous Cold-moderate and High mountain alpine; Middle -. Plain and foothills sub-Mediterranean semi-humid, Plain and Foothills Subtropical Arid, Plain thermo-moderate semi humid, Low Mountainous, Subtropical Arid, Low Mountainous Thermo-Moderate Humid, Middle Mountainous Thermo-Moderate Semi-humid; Low - Plain and Foothills-Hill Subtropical Humid, Plain and Hilly Subtropical Semiarid, Low Mountainous Subtropical Semiarid, Middle Mountainous Thermo-Moderate Semiarid.