CO2 and CH4 flux from the water-air interface of three shrimp culture technologies

Shrimp farming in ponds leads to increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as CO2 and CH4, due to land conversion and culture processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of CO2, and CH4 cross water-air interface fluxes during shrimp farming in ponds with three different cultivation technologies (i.e. extensive, semi-intensive and intensive) and the related environmental parameters. The samples of CO2, CH4 gas and aquatic environmental parameters were taken from the shrimp pond area in Karawang, West Jawa - Indonesia every 10 days. The research was conducted from day of culture zero (DOC-0) until harvesting time at 3 ponds for each cultivation technology. The results showed variation in CO2 and CH4 water-air interface fluxes in three cultivation technologies. The estimated average CO2 emissions during shrimp farming in extensive, semi-intensive and intensive ponds were 0.19575 g m-2 day-1, 0.35019 g m-2 day-1, and 0.14965 g m-2 day-1 respectively, while CH4 production were 0.00063 g m-2 day-1, 0.00024 g m-2 day-1 and 0.00022 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The average Global Warming Potential (GWP) CO2-e for each cultivation technology is 96.55 g m-2 day-1, 80.92 g m-2 day-1 and 27.75 g m-2 day-1, respectively. It is influenced by environmental parameters such as the concentration of CO2 and CH4 in air, water temperature, chlorophyll a, pH, NO2-, NO3-, and PO4-.