Effect of Libidibia ferrea bark and seed in maternal reproductive and biochemical outcomes and fetal anomaly in rats

Background Unhealthy pregnant women living in underdeveloped regions are usually treated by traditional healers, inadvertent of the potential toxic effects of plant‐derivative substances. Thus, we investigated whether exposure to a hydroalcoholic extract of bark and seed of Libidibia ferrea during pregnancy results in fetotoxicity and maternal toxicity. The main constituents of both extracts were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Methods Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (C), group exposed to extract of bark (Lfb—1.0 g/kg/day), and group exposed to extract of the seed (Lfs—1.0 g/kg/day). Biochemical parameters, reproductive capacity, morphological effects in the offspring were analyzed. Results HPLC fingerprint confirmed the presence of ellagic in both bark and seed extracts, and the absence of detectable concentrations of gallic and catechin. Fetuses exposed to L. ferrea extracts presented shorter mean lengths for head and body sections when compared to those in C and exhibited visceral and skeletal anomalies. Pregnant rats exposed to Lfs extracts show alterations in serum creatinine levels and yield amniotic fluid with abnormal biochemical composition. Conclusion Bark or seed extracts of L. ferrea do not exhibit safety level compatible to be used in the gestational period.