Battery management system design (BMS) for lithium ion batteries

The advantages of lithium ion batteries, ranging from high energy density, to high service life, make them in great demand. Along with high demand, the use of lithium ion batteries also increases in complexity, for example, the use of electric vehicles and smart grids. The requirement that lithium ion batteries be used in certain conditions, for example as a battery, must have the same voltage as a lithium ion battery if connected in series. If this condition is not met, security and battery life are at stake. Battery Management System (BMS) comes as a solution to this problem. This study aims to design a BMS with three main features: monitoring, balancing and protection. BMS is designed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller. The test results show the performance of BMS to monitor voltage values has a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.00706 or an accuracy of 99.29%, while the average value of the relative standard deviation (MRSD) is 0.258% or a precision level of 99.74%. The protection feature can function well to overcome problems such as overcharging, overcharging, and excessive temperatures. Balancing works well in setting the battery voltage value at 4.2V.