Polymer-Immobilized Clusters and Metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis

Recent advances in the synthesis of polymer-immobilized clusters and metal nanoparticles and their use in catalysis of many organic reactions were presented. The main types of polymer-immobilized catalysts were considered, including cluster-containing polymers, polymer-protected metal nanoparticles fixed on inorganic supports, and gel-immobilized catalysts. Special attention was paid to the role of the polymer matrix. It functions not only as a stabilizing agent that prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles and their leaching into the reaction medium, but also as a ligand in the coordination sphere of the metal site, which allows the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts to be combined in one catalyst.