Triphala green nano colloids: synthesis, characterization and screening biomarkers

Silver nanocolloids are synthesized using the extract of Triphala which is a compound formulation consisting of three different mixtures of plants ( Emblica officinalis, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula ) (Tp). Formulating the Triphala extracts into silver nanocolloids (TpAgNc) can cure harmful diseases and can bring remarkable changes in the medicinal field because of the synergistic effect of silver and extract. Biophysical characterization of TpAgNc was performed using UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, FESEM, EDAX, Particle size distribution and zeta potential. Antimicrobial activity of TpAgNc was evaluated against biofilm-forming clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. minimum susceptibility concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, growth and biofilm inhibition assays were performed. TpAgNc showed potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae. Further, the expression of antibiotic-resistant gene CTXM-15 and Amp C was analysed in TpAgNc treated and control. The expressions of both CTXM-15 and Amp C were downregulated in TpAgNc-treated pathogenic K. pneumonia when compared to control. Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between biofilm formation, virulence and CTXM-15 expression in clinical strains of K. pneumoniae . The present research work revealed that TpAgNc can be incorporated in different formulations to control pathogenic bacteria causing life-threatening infections in humans and animals.