Orbital Magnetic Correlations, Topological Order, and Superconductivity in Strongly Correlated Systems

This paper considers modern ideas about the topological nature of superconductivity and the Mott–Hubbard state in strongly correlated systems. These systems are described in terms of spin and charge separation, i.e., deconfinement of spinons and holons in a gauge field. The role of orbital degrees of freedom is discussed. Analogies with topological insulators, quantum Hall effect, and Landau quantization are considered. The importance of the Chern–Simons term for the correct description of the Hubbard splitting is demonstrated.