Stratification and mixing processes associated with hypoxia in a shallow lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan)
Physical processes associated with hypoxia events in a shallow lake, Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, are investigated with long-term mooring observations at the middle of the lake basin. Results show that strong stratification during the summer suppresses vertical mixing resulting in hypoxia in the bottom...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Limnology 2020-04, Vol.21 (2), p.173-186 |
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| creator | Masunaga, Eiji Komuro, Shunsuke |
| description | Physical processes associated with hypoxia events in a shallow lake, Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, are investigated with long-term mooring observations at the middle of the lake basin. Results show that strong stratification during the summer suppresses vertical mixing resulting in hypoxia in the bottom boundary layer. The dissolved oxygen decreases due to the limited oxygen supply under strongly stratified conditions. The intensity of the stratification is controlled by the ratio between surface wind stress and the surface incoming buoyancy flux. The Monin–Obukhov length scale explains the stratification and shows good agreement with the Froude number and Wedderburn number. The stratification is also enhanced by the heat flux towards the sediments, reaching
O
(100) W m
−2
, during the summer season. In addition to field observations, this study conducted numerical simulations to further investigate mixing structure. Results from numerical simulations indicate that the bottom sediment heat flux significantly contributes to mixing and stratification in the lake. This study suggests that mixing processes associated with winds and heat flux at surface and bottom sediments are the key to understanding hypoxia events in Lake Kasumigaura. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10201-019-00600-3 |
| format | Article |
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O
(100) W m
−2
, during the summer season. In addition to field observations, this study conducted numerical simulations to further investigate mixing structure. Results from numerical simulations indicate that the bottom sediment heat flux significantly contributes to mixing and stratification in the lake. This study suggests that mixing processes associated with winds and heat flux at surface and bottom sediments are the key to understanding hypoxia events in Lake Kasumigaura.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-8621</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-863X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10201-019-00600-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Tokyo: Springer Japan</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Bottom sediments ; Boundary layers ; Buoyancy flux ; Computer simulation ; Dissolved oxygen ; Ecology ; Environment ; Fluctuations ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Froude number ; Heat ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; Hypoxia ; Lake basins ; Lakes ; Life Sciences ; Mixing ; Mixing processes ; Research Paper ; Sediment ; Sediments ; Stratification ; Summer ; Surface wind ; Vertical mixing ; Wind stress ; Winds</subject><ispartof>Limnology, 2020-04, Vol.21 (2), p.173-186</ispartof><rights>The Japanese Society of Limnology 2019</rights><rights>2019© The Japanese Society of Limnology 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-783fe9033048a900b547abd2835b28526aca581a2708d71adc8946eefd4a8f693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-783fe9033048a900b547abd2835b28526aca581a2708d71adc8946eefd4a8f693</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5759-8125</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10201-019-00600-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10201-019-00600-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Masunaga, Eiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komuro, Shunsuke</creatorcontrib><title>Stratification and mixing processes associated with hypoxia in a shallow lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan)</title><title>Limnology</title><addtitle>Limnology</addtitle><description>Physical processes associated with hypoxia events in a shallow lake, Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, are investigated with long-term mooring observations at the middle of the lake basin. Results show that strong stratification during the summer suppresses vertical mixing resulting in hypoxia in the bottom boundary layer. The dissolved oxygen decreases due to the limited oxygen supply under strongly stratified conditions. The intensity of the stratification is controlled by the ratio between surface wind stress and the surface incoming buoyancy flux. The Monin–Obukhov length scale explains the stratification and shows good agreement with the Froude number and Wedderburn number. The stratification is also enhanced by the heat flux towards the sediments, reaching
O
(100) W m
−2
, during the summer season. In addition to field observations, this study conducted numerical simulations to further investigate mixing structure. Results from numerical simulations indicate that the bottom sediment heat flux significantly contributes to mixing and stratification in the lake. This study suggests that mixing processes associated with winds and heat flux at surface and bottom sediments are the key to understanding hypoxia events in Lake Kasumigaura.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bottom sediments</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Buoyancy flux</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Fluctuations</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Froude number</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Lake basins</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mixing</subject><subject>Mixing processes</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Stratification</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Surface wind</subject><subject>Vertical mixing</subject><subject>Wind stress</subject><subject>Winds</subject><issn>1439-8621</issn><issn>1439-863X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtPwzAQhC0EEqXwBzhZ4gISgV07D-eIEO9KHACJm7VNnNSlTYKdqO2_JyUIblxm9_DN7GoYO0a4QIDk0iMIwAAwDQBigEDusBGGMg1ULN93f3eB--zA-zkAJjGGI1a-tI5aW9is17riVOV8ade2Knnj6sx4bzwn7-vMUmtyvrLtjM82Tb22xG3Pcz-jxaJe8QV9GH462eoT-W5pS-ocnfNHaqg6O2R7BS28OfqZY_Z2e_N6fR9Mnu8erq8mQSYxbYNEycKkICWEilKAaRQmNM2FktFUqEjElFGkkEQCKk-Q8kylYWxMkYekijiVY3Yy5Pbff3bGt3ped67qT2ohlVQYI6qeEgOVudp7ZwrdOLskt9EIeluoHgrVfaH6u1Ate5McTL6Hq9K4v-h_XF8YOHig</recordid><startdate>20200401</startdate><enddate>20200401</enddate><creator>Masunaga, Eiji</creator><creator>Komuro, Shunsuke</creator><general>Springer Japan</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-8125</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200401</creationdate><title>Stratification and mixing processes associated with hypoxia in a shallow lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan)</title><author>Masunaga, Eiji ; Komuro, Shunsuke</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-783fe9033048a900b547abd2835b28526aca581a2708d71adc8946eefd4a8f693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bottom sediments</topic><topic>Boundary layers</topic><topic>Buoyancy flux</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Dissolved oxygen</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Fluctuations</topic><topic>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</topic><topic>Froude number</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Heat flux</topic><topic>Heat transfer</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Lake basins</topic><topic>Lakes</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Mixing</topic><topic>Mixing processes</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Stratification</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Surface wind</topic><topic>Vertical mixing</topic><topic>Wind stress</topic><topic>Winds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Masunaga, Eiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komuro, Shunsuke</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Limnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Masunaga, Eiji</au><au>Komuro, Shunsuke</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stratification and mixing processes associated with hypoxia in a shallow lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan)</atitle><jtitle>Limnology</jtitle><stitle>Limnology</stitle><date>2020-04-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>186</epage><pages>173-186</pages><issn>1439-8621</issn><eissn>1439-863X</eissn><abstract>Physical processes associated with hypoxia events in a shallow lake, Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, are investigated with long-term mooring observations at the middle of the lake basin. Results show that strong stratification during the summer suppresses vertical mixing resulting in hypoxia in the bottom boundary layer. The dissolved oxygen decreases due to the limited oxygen supply under strongly stratified conditions. The intensity of the stratification is controlled by the ratio between surface wind stress and the surface incoming buoyancy flux. The Monin–Obukhov length scale explains the stratification and shows good agreement with the Froude number and Wedderburn number. The stratification is also enhanced by the heat flux towards the sediments, reaching
O
(100) W m
−2
, during the summer season. In addition to field observations, this study conducted numerical simulations to further investigate mixing structure. Results from numerical simulations indicate that the bottom sediment heat flux significantly contributes to mixing and stratification in the lake. This study suggests that mixing processes associated with winds and heat flux at surface and bottom sediments are the key to understanding hypoxia events in Lake Kasumigaura.</abstract><cop>Tokyo</cop><pub>Springer Japan</pub><doi>10.1007/s10201-019-00600-3</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-8125</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Bottom sediments Boundary layers Buoyancy flux Computer simulation Dissolved oxygen Ecology Environment Fluctuations Freshwater & Marine Ecology Froude number Heat Heat flux Heat transfer Hypoxia Lake basins Lakes Life Sciences Mixing Mixing processes Research Paper Sediment Sediments Stratification Summer Surface wind Vertical mixing Wind stress Winds |
| title | Stratification and mixing processes associated with hypoxia in a shallow lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan) |
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