Pleiotropic Repositioning of Metformin as a Potential Pluripotent Drug

Metformin inhibits dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease, cancer recurrence, neuroendocrine tumors, colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma and even enhancing the healing process for liver injury, cardiovascular disease and Fragile X syndrome. Preclinical evidences supported the impact of insulin/IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways including downstream targets and receptors distribution within the brain for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. [...]recent work by the author showed successful repositioning of other anti-diabetic drug for different types of carcinoma. Anticancer effect of metformin on estrogen receptor-positive and tamoxifenresistant breast cancer cell lines, one of the anticancer mechanisms of metformin could be attributable to the repression of expression and transcriptional activity of ERa. [...]metformin can act as a quorum sensing inhibitor and virulence inhibiting agent that may be useful in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection15 and repurposing of metformin was reported in liver injury describing a protective role of metformin in acetaminophen mediated liver injury21.