Hydranencephaly in a Neonate: A Literature Review

The mother was tested positive for HIV before pregnancy and had been on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using Atripla with good viral suppression and CD4+ count. The pathogenesis of HE is still unknown, however most researchers support the hypothesis that the brain damage in HE is related to early internal carotid artery involvement, as demonstrated by angiographic and autopsy observation, in which internal carotid artery anomalies, both aplastic and hypoplastic, are reported and by the anatomic distribution of the anomaly in HE, which follows the internal carotid artery supply. [4],[5] Moreover, HE was associated with bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion, congenital infection such as TORCH syndrome, Treponema palladium, equine virus, and extensive hemorrhagic infarction following either germinal matrix hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage which cannot be overlooked.