Penan Benalui Wild-Plant Use, Classification, and Nomenclature

The Penan Benalui, former hunter-gatherers, started becoming sedentary in the mid-1950s. They have a detailed classification system for wild plants and recognize many useful wild plants, but their use knowledge is relatively simple and differs from that of Bornean farmers. Men are more knowledgeable than women about forest plants. Men often hunt in the forest and collect forest products, whereas women spend most of their time in the village. This suggests that ethnobotanical knowledge is closely related to forest activities. At the same time, the Penan Benalui have more than enough knowledge from a utilitarian point of view, and gaining knowledge depends to some extent on personal experience. The nature of the Penan Benalui classification of wild plants does not support previous theories regarding the relationships among use, classification, and nomenclature of organisms. It is possible that nomenclature patterns affect the classification mechanism.