CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE XYLOPIA LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM PASOH FOREST RESERVE, NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA

Hydro distillation of the leaves of Xylopia malayana, X. fusca and X. elliptica collected from Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia yielded 1.39, 1.25 and 0.56% (v/w) of pale yellow and yellowish oils respectively. The chemical compositions of the oils were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). A total of 29 (94.4% of the total oil), 22 (78.8%) and 34 (80.7%) compounds were identified from essential oils of the leaves of X. malayana, X. fusca and X. elliptica respectively. Analyses of the oils revealed that the main components from X. malayana leaf oil were β-pinene (42.0%), α-pinene (15.2%), elemol (11.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.2%) whilst the principal components of the X. fusca leaf oil were germacrene D (17.0%), bicyclogermacrene (12.0%), β-elemene (11.5%) and β-pinene (10.1%). Major compounds of X. elliptica leaf oil were bicyclogermacrene (11.5%), sabinene (10.6%), α-pinene (9.0%), elemol (8.1%) and β-pinene (5.4%). Penyulingan daun Xylopia malayana, X. fusca dan X. elliptica yang dikutip dari Hutan Simpan Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, masingmasing telah menghasilkan 1.39%, 1.25% and 0.56% minyak pati yang berwarna kuning pudar dan kekuningan. Kandungan komponen kimia minyak pati setiap spesies telah dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas dan gabungan kromatografi gas/spektrometri jisim. Sebanyak 29, 22 dan 34 komponen yang masing-masing merupakan 94.4%, 78.8% dan 80.7% daripada keseluruhan minyak pati X. malayana, X. fusca dan X. elliptica telah dikenal pasti. Minyak pati daun X. malayana didapati mengandungi β-pinena (42.0%), α-pinena (15.2%), elemol (11.6%) dan bisiklogermakrena (5.2%) sebagai komponen utama manakala minyak pati bagi daun X. fusca pula terdiri daripada germakrena D (17.0%), bisiklogermakrena (12.0%), β-elemena (11.5%) dan β-pinena (10.1%) sebagai komponen utamanya. Bagi X. elliptica, komponen utama minyak pati daun ialah bisiklogermakrena (11.5%), sabinena (10.6%), α-pinena (9.0%), elemol (8.1%) dan β-pinena (5.4%).