Development and adoption of wastewater treatment system for peri-urban agriculture in Multan, Pakistan

The present research was conducted to assess the feasibility of biological treatment of a typical wastewater (WW) stream in Multan, Pakistan, using daily trends of WW characteristics and to design a wastewater treatment (WWT) system for that stream. The pH (5.8-6.2), temperature (24-30 °C), biological oxygen demand (BOD : 128-265 mg/L), ultimate BOD (BOD : 227-438 mg/L), BOD/total Kjeldahl nitrogen (BOD /TKN:5.9-11.2), BOD /BOD (1.6-2.0), carbonaceous BOD /nitrogenous BOD (CBOD /NBOD :1.6-2.8) of the WW was found to support the biological WWT. The inclusion of NBOD also indicated the need for nitrification-denitrification. The linear regression analysis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) with total suspended solids (TSS) indicated the high content of organic solids, which also made the WW suitable for biological treatment. The BOD/COD (chemical oxygen demand)