Perturbation Analysis of the Local Thermal Non-equilibrium Condition in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium Bounded by an Iso-thermal Channel

This study focuses analytically on the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects in the developed region of forced convection in a saturated porous medium bounded by isothermal parallel-plates. The flow in the channel is described by the Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation and the LTNE effects are accounted by utilizing the two-equation model. Profiles describing the velocity field obtained by perturbation techniques are used to find the temperature distributions by the successive approximation method. A fundamental relation for the temperature difference between the fluid and solid phases (the LTNE intensity) is established based on a perturbation analysis. It is found that the LTNE intensity ( Δ NE ) is proportional to the product of the normalized velocity and the dimensionless temperature at LTE condition. Also, it depends on the conductivity ratio, Da number, and the porosity of the medium. The intensity of LTNE condition ( Δ NE ) is maximum at the middle of the channel and decreases smoothly to zero by moving to the wall. Finally, the established relation for the intensity of LTNE condition is simple and fundamental for estimating the importance of LTNE condition and validation of numerical simulation results.