Diagnostic assessment of hematuria from the ileal conduit of a patient with a history of radical cystoprostatectomy and nephroureterectomy: a case report

Background: Radical cystoprostatectomy (RC) with ileal conduit reconstruction represents a standard of care procedure for advanced bladder cancer. Patients submitted to RC and urinary diversions are at high risk of developing recurrent tumors or other complications related to the diversion. Lifelong diagnostic follow-up is recommended in these patients. Case Presentation: We present a case of a patient with a history of RC and nephroureterectomy for upper tract recurrence and who also developed gross hematuria 8 years after his initial treatment. The patient was exposed to several diagnostic steps, including imaging, laboratory, and endoscopic examinations. Conclusion: Patients with advanced and recurrent urothelial cancer who present with gross hematuria need a stepwise diagnostic approach which is difficult and complicated in many cases.