Relationships Between Eclogite‐Facies Mineral Assemblages, Deformation Microstructures, and Seismic Properties in the Yuka Terrane, North Qaidam Ultrahigh‐Pressure Metamorphic Belt, NW China

To understand the relationships between eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages, deformation microstructures, and the seismic properties of subducting oceanic crust, eclogites from the Yuka terrane, North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt, NW China, were studied. Observations of mineral textures, deformation microstructures, and petrofabrics in the eclogites indicate that garnet, omphacite, and phengite were deformed by intracrystalline deformation (i.e., dislocation creep) during prograde metamorphism. In contrast, amphibole, which was formed by the topotactic replacement of omphacite at fluid‐present conditions, is considered to have been deformed by diffusional flow (dissolution‐precipitation creep) during amphibolite‐facies retrogression associated with exhumation. Based on the petrofabrics in the samples, the seismic properties of the eclogites were calculated depending on eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages such as garnet + omphacite, garnet + omphacite + phengite, garnet + omphacite + phengite + lawsonite, garnet + omphacite + phengite + amphibole, and garnet + omphacite + amphibole. We found that the seismic signatures of each of the eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages were different. In particular, phengite‐bearing eclogites (the garnet + omphacite + phengite/garnet + omphacite + phengite + amphibole assemblages), depending on phengite content, produced the strongest seismic anisotropy (AVp and AVs), with a strong polarization anisotropy, that was at least three times higher than bimineralic (phengite‐absent) eclogites (garnet + omphacite assemblage). Our results indicate that phengite, as a stable phase at high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions, can play an important role in the creation of trench‐parallel seismic anisotropy in the eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages found in subduction zones. Key Points Seismic signatures are distinct for different eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages Phengite‐bearing eclogite produces the strongest seismic anisotropy among different eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages Phengite in eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages can play an important role in the creation of seismic anisotropy in subduction zones