Phase States of Carbon, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Silicon, and Lead Impurities. Thermodynamics of Formation and Kinetics of Removal of the Impurities in a Cast ZhS36-VI Nickel Superalloy

The results of thermodynamic analysis of the phase compositions of carbides, oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and silicides are presented. Their amounts in a ZhS36-VI alloy at various contents of impurities in an initial charge in various melting periods are indicated. The thermodynamics of binding such impurities as carbon, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon with refining additives into solid compounds before their removal from a melt is considered. The kinetics of carbon and lead removal during high-temperature refining is calculated.