Combating incivility: I-O can get by with a little help from our friends

[...]there is a design challenge of balancing centralization and decentralization (Jones, 2013) wherein universities are typically highly centralized, retaining decision-making authority and power at the highest levels. Newly welcomed senior leaders, despite longevity in their career, are likely hesitant to authorize changes that may not appeal to the varied, influential constituents. [...]there is the classic management issue of the “folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B” (Kerr, 1975), where senior leaders are likely most worried about revenue (i.e., enrollment, fundraising), and therefore focus their efforts, attention, and decisions on such pressing money matters. [...]there is a design challenge of balancing standardization and mutual adjustment (Jones, 2013). [...]institutional procedures often handcuff leaders who aspire to effect change by rewarding civility (punishing incivility) or using personal judgment in determining when to intervene in uncivil exhibitions.