Cholera toxin differentially regulates nitric oxide synthesis, tumor necrosis factor-α production and respiratory burst in murine macrophages

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if cholera toxin can modulate the expression of several macrophage effector functions. The effect of cholera toxin on the induction of NO synthesis, production of tumor necrosis factor-α and induction of respiratory burst was examined in the J774.A2 macrophage cell line. Pre-incubation of cell cultures with cholera toxin significantly down-regulated lipopolysaccharide-induced NO synthesis and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced respiratory burst. Concomitant addition of cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide to cell cultures enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α. These effects were abrogated when cholera toxin was inactivated by heat or treated with a specific monoclonal antibody.