Towards consideration of epistemic uncertainty in shear-wave velocity measurements obtained via seismic cone penetration testing (SCPT)

Seismic cone penetration testing (SCPT) is a powerful geotechnical site characterization tool, allowing for simultaneous collection of routine cone penetration testing data and rapid downhole-type measurements of shear-wave velocity (V S ). However, the uncertainties associated with developing V S profiles from SCPT measurements are rarely considered or communicated to the end-user. One important source of V S uncertainty is related to how the shear wave travel times are interpreted from the recorded waveforms, while another critical source of uncertainty is related to the analysis method used to transform the travel times to velocities. In this study, four common ways of obtaining travel times were considered: (i) first arrival picks, (ii) peaks and troughs picks, (iii) crossover picks, and (iv) the peak response of the cross-correlation function. Using these different travel times, a number of V S profiles were developed using four different velocity analysis methods: (i) pseudo-interval, (ii) true-interval, (iii) corrected vertical travel time slope-based, and (iv) raytracing. Through consideration of multiple wave arrival time and velocity analysis methods, a robust and meaningful quantification of the intramethod, depth-dependent epistemic uncertainty in V S obtained from several example SCPT datasets has been developed. V S uncertainty is further examined through consideration of the intermethod variability and bias between SCPT and direct-push crosshole testing.