Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering

We estimate the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic lepton-proton scattering without employing the ultrarelativistic approximation. Our calculation is relevant for analyses of muon scattering at energies of a few hundred mega-electron-volts and below-when effects of the muon mass become essential. At such energies, the transverse polarization of the muon beam is expected to contribute significantly to the systematic uncertainty of precision measurements of elastic muon-proton scattering. We evaluate such systematics using an example of the MUSE experiment at PSI. The muon asymmetry is estimated at about 0.1% in kinematics of MUSE, and it is the largest for scattering into a backward hemisphere.