Investigation of mode interconversion for interfacial pattern formation through plasma–surface interaction

The appropriate understanding of the plasma–surface interaction is crucial in optimizing the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to suit a particular application. In this study, we mainly focus on the behavior of mode interconversion for interfacial patterns regarding APPJ interacting with a indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. By regulating the pulse voltage, annular interfacial pattern formation on ITO surface displays two types of modes, that is, the diffuse pattern and the streamer pattern. Furthermore, these two modes are not independent and are transformed into each other by introducing additive N2 and O2. The reason is mainly attributed to the difference of the N2+(B)/O(3p) ratio and local electric field distribution. This information on the operation mode and interconversion between them provides deep insights into the nature of the physicochemistry during plasma–surface interaction processes. The behavior of mode interconversion for the interfacial pattern regarding the glow‐like He atmospheric pressure plasma jet interacting with an indium tin oxide substrate are investigated. The results reveal that the interfacial pattern displays the diffuse mode and streamer mode, which are not independent and interconvert each other. This study is significant for deeply understanding the underlying mechanism of plasma–surface interaction and merits potential applications in biological tissue and surface modification.