One-step synthesis of reduced graphene oxide and magnetic graphene: characterization and its application in electrochemical detection of lead (II) ions

Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and magnetic reduced graphene (RGO–MNP) nanosheets were synthesized by using Fe 2+ ions via the facile and green method for the first time. Prepared nanomaterials were characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, Raman, XRD, VSM and TEM techniques. Interaction of RGO, GO, RGO–MNP and GO–MNP nanosheets with two valance metal ions were investigated by tracing square wave voltammetry of a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) responses. Both modified CPE by RGO–MNP and GO–MNP showed higher response between ions to Pb 2+ ion. In optimized experimental and instrumental conditions, a linear calibration curve from 1.0 × 10 −9 to 1.0 × 10 −3 M Pb 2+ with detection limit as 3.07 × 10 −9 M Pb 2+ was observed for modified CPE by GO–MNP, and two linear calibration curve from 1.0 × 10 −9 to 5.0 × 10 −6 and from 1.0 × 10 −5 to 1.0 × 10 −3 M Pb 2+ with detection limit as 8.13 × 10 −10 M Pb 2+ were observed for modified CPE by RGO–MNP. Prepared sensors showed good stability, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility in this work.