17beta-Estradiol replacement improves renal function and pathology associated with diabetic nephropathy

The protective factor of female gender appears to be lost in diabetes; the incidence of diabetes and its complications, including diabetic nephropathy, are equal in women and men. This study examined the effects of estrogen deficiency by ovariectomy (OVX) and replacement with 17beta-estradiol (OVX+E2) on renal function and pathology in the nondiabetic (ND) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (D) rat kidneys for 12 wk. Diabetes was associated with an increase in urine albumin excretion (UAE; ND, 0.39 plus or minus 0.03; D, 5.9 plus or minus 0.8 mg/day; P < 0.001), decrease in creatinine clearance (CrCl; ND, 0.69 plus or minus 0.03; D, 0.43 plus or minus 0.09 mg X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1; P < 0.05), increase in the index of glomerulosclerosis [GSI; ND, 0.01 plus or minus 0.01; D, 0.15 plus or minus 0.04 arbitrary units (AU); P < 0.01], tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIFI; ND, 0.04 plus or minus 0.04; D, 0.68 plus or minus 0.2 AU; P < 0.01), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) protein expression (ND, 0.61 plus or minus 0.02; D, 1.25 plus or minus 0.07 AU; P < 0.01). In the D group, the severity of these changes was augmented with OVX (UAE, 8.1 plus or minus 0.6 mg/day; CrCl, 0.40 plus or minus 0.04 mg X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1; GSI, 0.29 plus or minus 0.04 AU; TIFI, 0.90 plus or minus 0.06 AU; TGF-beta, 1.26 plus or minus 0.10 AU), whereas E2 replacement attenuated these changes (UAE, 6.3 plus or minus 0.8 mg/day; CrCl, 0.66 plus or minus 0.03 mg X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1; GSI, 0.06 plus or minus 0.02 AU; TIFI, 0.36 plus or minus 0.08 AU; TGF-beta, 0.57 plus or minus 0.08 AU). We conclude that E2 deficiency increases the severity of renal disease in a diabetic animal model and that E2 replacement is renoprotective by attenuating the decline in renal function and pathology associated with diabetes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]