Three ways of summarizing correctional educational progress, trends

The history of correctional education can be summarized in different ways to display its pattern of development. Three such ways are outlined in this article: (a) chronologically, (b) according to schools of thought and paradigm succession, and (c) from a perspective that illustrates system development and organizational maturation. These three summaries include increasingly complex and subtle models. The last model, an application of Ken Wilber's integral approach, can be used not only to study history, but also to anticipate future system development. The article contains a Glossary that introduces leaders from the five respective schools of thought, over the approximately 215 years of organized, correctional education service delivery in North America. Instead of a traditional References section at the end, a reprint appears of the "Core Library: Short List of References" from the June, 1995 special edition of the Journal of Correctional Education on the history of the field of correctional education (which was edited by Dr.s T.A. Ryan and Thom Gehring). [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]