Power-Efficient [Formula Omitted]-Band (92–98 GHz) Phased-Array Transmit and Receive Elements With Quadrature-Hybrid-Based Passive Phase Interpolator

This paper presents a power-efficient phased-array transmit and receive (T/R) channels adopting phase shifters (PSs) utilizing quadrature-hybrid-based power-domain phase interpolator. The W-band T/R channels are implemented in GlobalFoundries 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process (GF8XP) for large-scale phased-array applications. At 94 GHz, the proposed Rx channel achieves 137-dB·Hz dynamic range (DR) with 18-mW dc power consumption (Pdiss), one of the smallest Pdiss at W-band. The measured Rx channel gain is 17-23 dB with 5.8-6.6-dB noise figure (NF) over 92-98 GHz. The rms gain error and rms phase error in the Rx channel are less than 2 dB and 6°, respectively, at 92-100 GHz. The input P-1dB is -31 dBm at 94 GHz. The Tx channel produces 7.4-dBm saturated output power with 49.5-mW Pdiss at 94 GHz resulting in 11% of collector efficiency, one of the highest Tx channel efficiencies reported so far. The Pdiss at quiescent bias point of the Tx channel is 26 mW. The measured Tx channel gain is 7.5-12 dB and the rms gain error is