Diabetes with and without ketoacidosis on right atrial pacemaker rate and autonomic responsiveness

Hicks et al examined whether insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) alters direct chronotropic effects of adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and whether the observed changes are associated with hyperglycemia or combined hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. No significant differences were observed when comparing preparations isolated from diabetic animals with and without ketoacidosis.