How organized is deep convection over Germany?

Deep moist convection shows a tendency to organize into mesoscale structures. To be able to understand the potential effect of convective organization on the climate, one needs first to characterize organization. In this study, we systematically characterize the organizational state of convection over Germany based on two years of cloud‐top observations derived from the Meteosat Second Generation satellite and of precipitation cores detected by the German C‐band radar network. The organizational state of convection is characterized by commonly employed organization indices, which are mostly based on the object numbers, sizes and nearest‐neighbour distances. According to the organization index Iorg, cloud tops and precipitation cores are found to be in an organized state for 69% and 92% of the time, respectively. There is an increase in rainfall when the number of objects and their sizes increase, independently of the organizational state. Case‐studies of specific days suggest that convectively organized states correspond to either local multi‐cell clusters, with less numerous, larger objects close to each other, or to scattered clusters, with more numerous, smaller organized objects spread out over the domain. For those days, simulations are performed with the large‐eddy model ICON with grid spacings of 625, 312 and 156 m. Although the model underestimates rainfall and shows a too large cold cloud coverage, the organizational state is reasonably well represented without significant differences between the grid spacings. Overview of the spatial distribution of cloud tops and precipitation cores for four days of deep convection over Germany. (a)–(d) Brightness temperature (BT) from Meteosat Second Generation, (e)–(h) synthetic BTs, (i)–(l) radar reflectivities from the Radolan RX product and (m)–(p) synthetic radar reflectivities. The synthetic datasets are generated by means of forward operators using ICON‐LEM simulation outputs with grid spacing of 156 m.