Managing Taxon Data in FinBIF

The Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility, FinBIF (https://species.fi), has developed its own taxon database. This allows FinBIF taxon specialists to maintain their own, expert-validated view of Finnish species. The database covers national needs and can be rapidly expanded by our own development team. Furthermore, in the database each taxon is given a globally unique persistent URI identifier (https://www.w3.org/TR/uri-clarification), which refers to the taxon concept, not just to the name. The identifier doesn’t change if the taxon concept doesn’t change. We aim to ensure compatibility with checklists from other countries by linking taxon concepts as Linked Data (https://www.w3.org/wiki/LinkedData) — a work started as a part of the Nordic e-Infrastructure Collaboration (NeIC) DeepDive project (https://neic.no/deepdive). The database is used as a basis for observation/specimen searches, e-Learning and identification tools, and it is browsable by users of the FinBIF portal. The data is accessible to everyone under CC-BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) in machine readable formats. The taxon specialists maintain the taxon data using a web application. Currently, there are 60 specialists. All changes made to the data go live every night. The nightly update interval allows the specialists a grace period to make their changes. Allowing the taxon specialists to modify the taxonomy database themselves leads to some challenges. To maintain the integrity of critical data, such as lists of protected species, we have had to limit what the specialists can do. Changes to critical data is carried out by an administrator. The database has special features for linking observations to the taxonomy. These include hidden species aggregates and tools to override how a certain name used in observations is linked to the taxonomy. Misapplied names remain an unresolved problem. The most precise way to record an observation is to use a taxon concept: Most observations are still recorded using plain names, but it is possible for the observer to pick a concept. Also, when data is published in FinBIF from other information systems, the data providers can link their observations to the concepts using the identifiers of concepts. The ability to use taxon concepts as basis of observations means we have to maintain the concepts over time — a task that may become arduous in the future (Fig. 1). As it stands now, the FinBIF taxon data model — including adjacen