Effect Antioxidant and Serotonin Level in the Sera on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Males Patients and Compare with Control Group

Increased oxidative stress appears to be a deleterious factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, ß-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately leading to T2DM12, these ROS initiate a chain reaction leading to reduced nitric oxide availability, increased markers of inflammation and chemical modification of lipoproteins, all of which may increase the risk of atherogenesis13. Many of previous studies indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by increased production of free radical and oxidative stress, The oxidative stress in DM is greatly increased due to prolonged exposure to glycaemia and impairment of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, Lipids are among the primary targets of oxidative stress40, Lipid peroxidation of the cellular structures, a consequence of increased oxygen free radicals, and it is thought to play an important role in atherosclerosis and microvascular complications of DM 41. [...]with the free radical theory of aging, dietary antioxidants manipulations are expected to counteract the rate of production of free radicals and the associated damage. The Previous study results indicated that experimental diabetes produced metabolic disturbances in glucose, insulin that trigger brain enzymatic and non enzymatic oxidative stress that initiate disturbances in brain neurotransmitter, providing the incidence of nervous manifestation in diabetes91 these study indicated a significant increase in brain neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and MDA also increase, Whereas there were a significant decrease in brain glutathione (GSH) parameters in diabetic patients.