A clarification of ADA jurisprudence for personality-based selection

[...]we clarify federal jurisprudence shaping the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act, as amended (ADA, 1990), to personality-based selection instruments. [...]the requirement that the developer must have designed it intentionally to measure mental impairments is dispositive. [...]a holding to this effect would make the disability disparate impact framework obsolete. [...]a court finding normal personality assessments as constituting ADA medical examinations based on their relationship to personality disorders would lack any supporting precedent or judicial rationale. [...]since 1978, plaintiffs have challenged personality assessments for disparate impact the least often of other common selection measures (Williams, Schaffer, & Ellis, 2013).