Spatial patterns and driving forces of uneven dual-track urbanisation in Fujian Province: An approach based on employment sectors

This paper analyses the spatial patterns and driving forces of uneven dual-track urbanisation in Fujian province using an approach based on the employment sector. It is found that uneven dual-track urbanisation is driven by four major driving forces, including the administrative force, the general internal market force, the specific internal market force, and the external force. Four area types based on employment structure have different levels of dual-track urbanisation. The relatively balanced levels of state-sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation are found in state-led urbanised areas and less developed areas. However, the levels of two urbanisation tracks in state-led urbanised areas far exceed other areas. Their high level of state-sponsored urbanisation is backed up by a large state-owned sector. There is also significant spontaneous urbanisation owing to the rising private sector and inflow of migrant workers to main urban centres. Coastal developed areas have a high level of spontaneous urbanisation but a relatively low level of state-sponsored urbanisation. Less developed areas have low levels of both state-sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation. The Fujian case shows that the two tracks of urbanisation have been advancing despite the relative decline of the employment share of state-owned and collective-owned sectors. The economic sectors other than state-owned and collective-owned sectors have contributed to both tracks of urbanisation. The results shed new light on the relationship between the employment sectors and dual-track urbanisation in China. 本文采用基于就业部门的方法，分析了福建省不均衡双轨城市化的空间模式和驱动力。研究发现，不均衡双轨城市化是由四大驱动力驱动的，包括行政力量、一般内部市场力量、特定内部市场力量和外力。基于就业结构的四种区域类型具有不同程度的双轨城市化。国家资助的城市化和自发城市化的相对平衡水平存在于国家主导的城市化地区和欠发达地区。然而，国家主导的城市化区域内两条城市化轨道的水平远远超过其他区域。其高水平的国家资助的城市化得到了大型国有部门的支持。由于私营部门的增加和移民工人流入主要城市中心，也存在显着的自发城市化。沿海发达地区具有较高的自发城市化水平，但国家资助的城市化程度相对较低。欠发达地区的国家资助和自发城市化水平都很低。福建案例表明，尽管国有和集体所有制行业的就业份额相对下降，但这两条城市化轨道仍在不断发展。除国有和集体所有部门以外的经济部门也为这两条城市化轨道做出了贡献。研究结果揭示了中国就业部门与双轨城市化之间的关系。