The role of inflammation and its related microRNAs in breast cancer: A narrative review

Breast cancer is recognized as the most common type of cancer among women with a high rate of mortality all over the world. Over the past years, growing attention has been regarded to realize more about the mechanisms underlying the disease process. It is revealed that the progression of breast cancer may be strongly linked to chronic inflammation owing to the role of inflammatory factors in genetic instability and subsequent cancer predisposition. Although the association between breast cancer and inflammatory pathways has been well‐defined now, only recent evidence pointed towards the inflammation‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets involved in the crosstalk of multiple pathways during breast cancer development. Moreover, the practical interactions between these miRNAs and inflammatory factors are also a little characterized. In this review, we intended to describe the effects of predominant inflammatory pathways such as cytokines, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa B in association with tumor promoting and tumor suppressing miRNAs on breast cancer progression. Providing new studies in the field of combining biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring breast cancer are very important. Notably, understanding the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs as a possible link between inflammation and tumorigenesis may offer a novel insight for combating this epidemic. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women with a high rate of mortality which is strongly linked to chronic inflammation owing to the role of inflammatory factors in genetic instability and subsequent cancer predisposition. In this review, we aimed to explore the molecular interactions between microRNAs and the predominant inflammatory pathways including interleukin‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B, and IκBα kinase/nuclear factor kappa B in breast cancer development.