Groove sidewall penetration modeling for rotating arc narrow gap MAG welding

It is important to predict the groove sidewall penetration for narrow gap MAG welding quality control. In this paper, we present a hybrid model to describe the groove sidewall penetration dynamics. First, sensing system was set up to obtain and fuse the signal from arc sensor, visual sensor, and sidewall penetration sensor. Next, the center position of the rotating arc was varied to generate the experimental data. Due to the fact that sidewall penetration on the left side varies greater than that on the right side, a support vector machine (SVM)-based dynamic model was built to predict the penetration on the left side and a cubic polynomial regression model for the right side. The model developed in this paper can be applied to the further penetration control.