Assessment of chosen GRACE-related gravity models based on the GOCE satellite precise science orbit

Eight selected geopotential models obtained through the International Center for Global Earth Models were used in the dynamic orbit determination process of the satellite of the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission. For the estimation of various GOCE orbital arc variants, the following gravity models were taken into account: HUST-GRACE2016S, ITU_GRACE16, ITSG-GRACE2014S, ITSG-GRACE2014K, TONGJI-GRACE01, EIGEN-51C, EIGEN5S, EGM2008. The official kinematic and reduced-dynamic precise science orbit (PSO) of the GOCE satellite received via the European Space Agency was adopted as the reference orbit. Cartesian coordinates of the GOCE satellite in this orbit were treated as pseudo-observations in the estimation process using the classical least-squares method. The estimated orbital arcs were fitted to the corresponding arcs of the reference orbit. This allowed the values of 3D root-mean-square (RMS) of the distance between the estimated and reference arcs to be computed. The averages for these 3D RMS values, computed for ten and fifty orbital arcs, made it possible to compare the orbital performance of selected gravity models. Additionally, the fit to both types of the GOCE PSO, i.e., the kinematic orbit and the reduced-dynamic orbit made it possible to compare their quality. Investigation of the gravity model performance was also the opportunity to describe the effectiveness of dynamic orbit determination solutions, depending on the estimated arc lengths, type of reference orbit and the use (or not) of the background models.